With this article we aim to demonstrate that the link between didactics and sociology could reduce inequalities at school. We think we must break up with the partition between the different sciences and move towards a mutualised knowledge. This new scientific knowledge will contribute, particularly in France, to reduce school failure due to the heterogeneity between the pupils, to take into accountknowledge as a social fact and doing so contribute with the didacticians to integrate in the didactic transposition the personal relationship of the learner to knowledge.The didactic transposition and the relationship to knowledge refer us to an anthropology of the subject.